8.What is the difference between Skinner’s behaviorism and Chomsky’s mentalism?

Where behaviorism ignored the contribution of the child itself in the learning process,mentalism has practically denied that linguistic input and environment play a role in this process,and has generally paid very scant attention to the actual course language development takes.

9.Does Krashen’s theory of second language acquisition begin with theories,or with data?

Krashen’s theory of second language acquisition begins with theories or assumptions,not with data.He used a deductive method,that is,he set up a number of hypotheses first,then collected information or data to support/refute his hypotheses.

10.What is the role of formal learning according to the monitor hypothesis?

The monitor hypothesis states that formal learning has only one function,and that is as a“monitor”or“editor”and that learning comes into play only to make changes in the form of our utterance,after it has been produced by the acquired system.Acquisition initiates the speaker’s utterances and is responsible for fluency.Thus the monitor is thought to alter the output of the acquired system before or after the utterance is actually written or spoken,but the utterance is initiated entirely by the acquired system.

11.According to Krashen,there is only one way for human to acquire language.What is it?

By understanding meaningful messages or comprehensible input;the formula is i+1.

12.What is the function of the affective filter?

According to the affective filter hypothesis,comprehensible input may not be utilized by second language acquirers if there is a“mental block”that prevents them from fully profiting from it.The affective filter acts as a barrier to acquisition:if the filter is“down”,the input reaches the LAD and becomes acquired competence;if the filter is“up”,the input is blocked and does not reach the LAD.Thus“input is the primary causative variable in SLA,affective variables acting to impel or facilitate the delivery of input to the LAD.”