5.He/she should have some knowledge about the related subjects such as linguistics,psychology and pedagogy.He should also know that a lot of variables influence classroom teaching.Factor like foreign language education policy,the goal of foreign language education,learners,teachers,syllabus,teaching method,teaching materials teaching aids,and assessment and evaluation all influence classroom teaching.If a teacher does not know them he would not be able to teach according to the circumstances and would achieve the best results possible.

6.Teaching and learning a foreign language inevitably involves relationships between different aspects of life,and teaching English successfully is not just a question of method.Other things influence English language teaching(ELT)greatly.Refer to the nine variables discussed in the text.

7.Both positive and negative backwash effects.Assessment can provide teachers with feedback for lesson planning and remedial work.Students can also get information about their learning and progress,therefore have a sense of achievement.Through assessment they get to know their problems and areas for further study and improvement.However,inappropriate assessment can cause worries,discourage weak students,emphasis on grades instead of on abilities and competence,etc.

8.Where behaviorism ignored the contribution of the child itself in the learning process,mentalism has practically denied that linguistic input and environment play a role in this process,and has generally paid very scant attention to the actual course language development takes.

9.Krashen’s theory of second language acquisition begins with theories or assumptions,not with data.He used a deductive method,that is,he set up a number of hypotheses first,then collected information or data to support/refute his hypotheses.

10.The monitor hypothesis states that formal learning has only one function,and that is as a“monitor”or“editor”and that learning comes into play only to make changes in the form of our utterance,after it has been produced by the acquired system.Acquisition initiates the speaker’s utterances and is responsible for fluency.Thus the monitor is thought to alter the output of the acquired system before or after the utterance is actually written or spoken,but the utterance is initiated entirely by the acquired system.