2018年自考《英语翻译》练习试题及答案

参考答案见最后两页。

I.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:(30%)

严复在《天演论·译例言》(1895)中提出：译事三难_____________。此后100多年来，这就成了我国译界的一个重要的翻译标准。/3

2.我国大学英语专业八级考试对翻译的要求：认识英汉的表达差异，掌握基本技巧，能够翻译当今英语国家报刊杂志的时文，译文________________。/4

3.美国的翻译理论家奈达博士(E.A. Nida)在其《翻译理论与实践》一书中将读者(译文受众)引入翻译标准，提出了_____________________________、_______________________________(注意此两格用中英文填写)的翻译原则。他认为，翻译就是“用最贴切、最自然的对等的译入语从语义和文体两方面再现原文信息”的过程，动态对等的标准就是译文的读者和原文的读者在感受上基本相同。/4

4.Six guidelines in the employment of dictionaries in translation:/6

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

5.鲁迅：比如一个名词或动词，写不出，创作时可以回避，翻译却不成，和还得想，一直弄到头昏眼花，好象脑子里面摸一个急于要开_________的钥匙，却没有。/1

6.严复：一名之立，旬月__________。/2

7.陆殿扬先生就曾明确指出：Translate ___________, if possible, or, appeal to free translation./1

8.乔姆斯基关于深层结构与表层结构的理论，对我们认识此点不无裨益。所谓深层结构，就是运用短语结构规则和词项插入规则后所得到的结构，它包含句子成分间的语法关系和深层语义。所谓表层结构，______________________________________________________。/2

9.Nida认为，在一定条件下，才可以改变形式。他为此提出了改变形式的五个条件：/5

a/

b/

c/

d/

e/

10.Nida认为：不合乎以上五个条件，就不能随便更改;必须保持形式的一致，也就是采取________的方法。/1

11.Translations are like women – when they are faithful they are not beautiful, when they are beautiful they are not faithful.此比喻与我国老子的一个说法不谋而合。老子说____________________/2

II.Sentence translation：(24%)

1.This calls into question all of our assumptions that gay men are feminine.

2.One can’t think of Africa without thinking of Egypt, the cradle of an ancient civilization, nor of Egypt without the Nile.

3.Mary never accepted an invitation unless Anne was included in it. It was a case of love me, love my dog.

4.And as to the chapter of accidents which counts for so much in the book of success, I could only hope that it was closed.

5.Translations are like matchmakers; they bring the praise of some half-veiled beauty and arouse an irresistible longing for the original.

6.The real escapist can watch a free film and sip champagne on some services.

7.Tess set up in bed, lost in vague interspace between dreams and this information.

8.If we do not hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.

9.It is a long lane that has no turning. 

10.Health programs initiated in work environments, health clinics, hospitals and schools could be improved with more individual tailoring.

11.Having sex once or twice a week gives a boost to the immune system that could help ward off colds and flu, New Scientist magazine said Wednesday.

12.Strike at him with your hand; and to him, the aspect of the matter is, what to you it would be, if an acre(英亩)of red clay, ten feet thick, tore itself up from the ground and came crashing down with an aim. He steps out of the way of your hand, and alights(落下)on the back of it. You cannot terrify him, nor govern him, nor persuade him, nor convince him.

III. Sentence translation(20%):

1/ Most of us, however, take life for granted. We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future. When we are in buoyant (本义：有浮力的) health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it. The days stretch out in an endless vista(展望). So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless (冷漠的) attitude toward life./7

2/ It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill./6

3/ I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. /7

IV.Passage translation(26%)：

“We are not sure what this means,'' said Dr. George Carlo, who headed the industry's $27 million safety research project from 1993 until last year. ``This could be a colossal (巨大的) coincidence or the tip of the iceberg(冰山),'' said Carlo, an epidemiologist (流行病学家)and lawyer. / 4

With 86 million cellular phone users in the United States alone and 30,000 new users signing up daily, “this translates into a potentially significant public health problem, should the use of these devices even slightly increase the risk of adverse health effects,'' the FDA says. /10

If you're concerned about the microwave radiation(辐射)emitted(发出)from your cell phone, the FDA suggests these precautions: /2

Avoid using cell phones for long durations. “Time is a key factor in how much exposure a person receives,'' the agency is advising consumers. People should use convention telephones for longer conversations, the agency says. /3

If cell phones must be used for lengthy calls, the FDA advises switching to a model that places greater distance between the user's head and the phone “since the (radiation) exposure level drops off dramatically with distance.'' /4

For example, headsets or earphones let users make calls while keeping the antenna(天线) several feet from the head. Another example is a car phone with the antenna on the outside of the car. /3