2021年10月自考综合英语（一）模拟试题（一）之阅读理解
Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
When Mrs. Joseph Groeger died recently in Vienna, Austria, people asked the obvious, “Why did she live to be 107?” Answers were provided by a survey conducted among 148 Viennese men and women who had reached the age of 100. Somewhat surprising was the fact that the majority had lived most of their lives in cities. In spite of the city’s image as an unhealthy place, city living often provides benefits that country living can lack. One factor seems to be important to the longevity (长寿) of those interviewed.
This factor is exercise. In the cities it is often faster to walk short distances than to wait for a bus. Even taking public transportation often requires some walking. Smaller apartment houses have no elevators (电梯) , and so people must climb stairs. City people can usually walk to local supermarkets. Since parking spaces are hard to find, there is often no alternative to walking.
On the other hand, those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every day. In fact, the opposite is often true. To go to school, work, or almost anywhere else, they must ride in cars.
11. The Vienna survey may help to explain __________ .
A. the complaints of people in apartment houses
B. the cause of Mrs. Groeger’s death
C. the longevity of people like Mrs. Groeger
D. the image of cities in general
12. The purpose of the second paragraph is to list some __________ .
A. benefits of walking
B. occasions for walking in city life
C. comments made by city people
D. problems of city living
13. To reach the third floor of a building, it would probably be most healthful ___________ .
A. to take the elevator B. to walk up the stairs
C. to ride in a car D. to find an alternative to walking
14. People who live in the country probably do more driving than walking because __________ .
A. they don’t live near business areas
B. they don’t need the exercise
C. they never have parking problems
D. they can’t afford to take the bus
15. A conclusion that can be drawn from this passage is that __________ .
A. air pollution is not serious
B. anyone can live to be 107
C. country people should move to the city
D. walking is a healthful exercise
Passage 2
For any Englishman, there can never be any discussion as to who is the world’s greatest dramatist (剧作家). Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him: that of William Shakespeare. Every Englishman has some knowledge, however slight, of the work of our greatest writer. All of us use words, phrases and quotations from Shakespeare’s writings that have become part of the common property of the English – speaking people. Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we used, rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and complained that it was full of well – known proverbs and quotations.
Shakespeare, more perhaps than any other writher, makes full use of the great resources of the English language. Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal use of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty – five thousand.
There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it. Such a study is well worth the effort ( it is not, of course, recommended to beginners) even though some aspects of English usage, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeare’s day.
16. English people __________ .
A. have never discussed who is the world’s greatest dramatist
B. never discuss any issue concerning the world’s greatest dramatist
C. are sure who is the world’s greatest dramatist
D. do not care who is the world’s greatest poet and dramatist
17. Every Englishman knows __________ .
A. more or less about Shakespeare
B. Shakespeare, but only slightly
C. all Shakespeare’s writings
D. only the name of the greatest English writer
18. Which of the following is true?
A. We use all the words, phrases and quotations from Shakespeare’s writings.
B. Shakespeare’s writings have become the property of those who are learning to speak English..
C. It is likely to be true that people often do not know the origins of the words they use.
D. All the words people use are taken from the writings of Shakespeare.
19. What does the word “proverb” mean?
A. Familiar sayings. B. Shakespeare’s plays.
C. Complaints. D. Actors and actresses.
20. Why is it worthwhile to study the various ways in which Shakespeare used English?
A. English words have changed a lot since Shakespeare’s time.
B. By doing so one can be fully aware of the richness of the English language.
C. English words are now being used in the same way as in Shakespeare’s time.
D. Beginners may heave difficulty learning some aspects of English usage.
Passage 3
Threes are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him wood and other products; they give him shade; and they help to prevent drought (干旱) and floods.
Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, man bas not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers.
Two thousand years ago, a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became bare and poor. When the empire fell to pieced, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation.
Even where a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult sometimes to make the people realize this. They cut down the trees but are too careless to plant and look after new trees. So, unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that there will be fewer trees. The results are even more serious: for where there are trees, their roots break the soil up, allowing the rain to sink in, and also bind the soil. This prevents the soil from being washed away. But where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, and this causes floods and the rain carries away the rich topsoil in which crops grow. When all the topsoil is gone, nothing remains but worthless desert.
21. Trees are useful to man mainly in three ways, the most important of which is that they can __________ .
A. Keep him from the hot sunshine
B. enable him to build warships
C. make him draw quick profit from them
D. protect him from droughts and floods
22. It’s a great pity that __________ .
A. man is only interested in building empires
B. man is eager to profit from trees
C. man hasn’t realized the importance of trees to him
D. man hasn’t found out that he has lost all trees
23. Sooner or later the forests will disappear __________ .
A. unless a country has a plenty supply of trees
B. unless people stop cutting down their trees
C. unless all people are taught the importance of planting trees
D. unless the government punishes those who cut trees instead of planting them
24. The word “bind” in Paragraph 5 means “__________”.
A. to wash away B. to make wet
C. to make stay together D. to improve
25. When there is a heavy rain, trees can help to prevent floods, as they can __________ .
A. keep rain from falling down to soft ground
B. cause the soil to allow rainwater to sink in
C. prevent the soil from being washed away
D. make the topsoil stick together
Passage 4
Betty and Harold have been married for years. But one thing still puzzles(困扰)old Harold. How is it that he can leave Betty and her friend Joan sitting on the sofa, talking, go out to a ballgame, come back three and a half hours later, and they’re still sitting on the sofa? Talking?
What in the world, Harold wonders, do they have to talk about?
Betty shrugs. Talk? We’re friends.
Researching this matter called friendship, psychologist Lillian Rubin spent two years interviewing more than two hundred women and men. No matter what their age, their job, their sex, the results were completely clear: women have more friendships than men, and the difference in the content and the quality of those friendships is “marked and unmistakable.”
More than two-thirds of the single men Rubin interviewed could not name a best friend. Those who could were likely to name a woman. Yet three-quarters of the single women had no problem naming a best friend, and almost always it was a woman. More married men than women named their wife/ husband as a best friend, most trusted person, or the one identified(认定)at least one, usually more, trusted friends to whom they could turn in a troubled moment, and they spoke openly about the importance of these relationships in their lives.”
“In general,” writes Rubin in her new book, “women’s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men’s relationships are marked by shared activities.” For the most part, Rubin says, interactions(交往)between men are emotionally controlled – a good fit with the social requirements of “manly behavior.”
“Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the two share little about their innermost feelings. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared on night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.”
26. What old Harold cannot understand or explain is the fact that ____________.
A) he is treated as an outsider rather than a husband
B) women have so much to share
C) women show little interest in ballgames
D) he finds his wife difficult to talk to
27. Rubin’s study shows that for emotional support a married woman is more likely to turn to ____________.
A) a male friend B) a female friend
C) her parents D) her husband
28. According to the text, which type of behavior is NOT expected of a man by society?
A) Ending his marriage without good reason.
B) Spending too much time with his friends.
C) Complaining about his marriage trouble.
D) Going out to ballgames too often.
29. Which of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph?
A) Men keep their innermost feeling to themselves.
B) Women are more serious than men about marriage.
C) Men often take sudden action to end their marriage.
D) Women depend on others in making decisions.
30. The research done by psychologist Rubin centers around __________.
A) happy and successful marriage
B) friendships of men and women
C) emotional problems in marriage
D) interactions between men and women
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