I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.(45%)

1. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost always ______.( )

A. motivated B. arbitrary

C. logical  D. unconventional

2. Pronouns and numerals are semantically______ and have limited______ .( )

A. polysemous; use and stability

B. monosemous; collocability and stability

C. polysemous; use and productivity

D. monosemous; productivity and collocability

3. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and______.( )

A. dynamic  B. paradigmatic

C. diachronic D. syntagmatic

4. Old English is a highly______ language just like modern German.( )

A. agglutinative  B. analytic

C. isolating  D. inflected

5. Old English began to undergo a great change when the______ invaded England in 1066.( )

A. Romans B. Danes

C. Normans  D. Jutes

6. The English Language is noted for the remarkable______ and______ of its vocabulary.( )

A. complexity, heterogeneity  B. purity, simplicity

C. naturalness, simplicity D. naturalness, conventionality

7. The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to group them into ______ morphemes and ______morphemes.( )

A. derivational, inflectional  B. free, bound

C. free, inflectional  D. root, bound

8. A______ is the form to which affixes of any kind can be added.( )

A. root  B. stem

C. lexeme  D. headword

9. In English, bound roots are either ______or______ .( )

A. Latin, French  B. Greek, Scandinavian

C. Latin, Greek D. French, Greek

10. The chief function of suffixation is to______ .( )

A. change the word-class

B. change the meaning of the stem

C. change the semantic function of the stem

D. all the above

11. Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or ______affixes to stems.( )

A. derivational  B. inflectional

C. bound  D. locative

12. Back formation is considered to be the opposite process of______.( )

A. prefixation  B. compounding

C. clipping  D. suffixation

13. Associative meaning comprises several types except______.( )

A. connotative meaning  B. stylistic meaning

C. affective meaning D. lexical meaning

14. “Much” and “many” have the same______.( )

A. concept B. motivation

C. collocation D. sense

15. ______ meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships.( )

A. Lexical  B. Conceptual

C. Associative D. Grammatical

16.______ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because overwhelming majority of words have more than one meaning.( )

A. Polysemy B. Hyponymy

C. Synonymy  D. Homonymy

17. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas:______ .( )

A. elevation, connotation, application

B. connotation, elevation, degradation

C. connotation, denotation, application

D. amelioration, deterioration, denotation

18. A______ term is general and a/an______ term is specific.( )

A. hyponym,subordinate  B. superordinate, subordinate

C. polysemant, monosemant D. lower, upper

19.______ have experienced the extension of meanings.( )

A. Proper nouns in the past B. Polysemic words of modern English

C. Technical terms in the past D. All the above

20. If a word which used to have a more______ sense becomes restricted in its application in a present-day language, the word has undergone narrowing of meaning.( )

A. specific B. pejorative

C. general  D. appreciative

21. Many low, humble and despised occupations take more ______names due to ______ reasons.( )

A. appealing, economic  B. vulgar, psychological

C. appealing, psychological D. non-affecting, psychological

22. Ambiguity is caused mainly by______ context.( )

A. lexical  B. historical

C. grammatical D. inadequate

23. ______ and______ often define each other, thus forming an important context clue.( )

A. Antonymy, synonymy  B. Hyponymy, homonymy

C. Superordinates, subordinates D. Lexical words, grammatical words

24. Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning is influenced immediately by the ______ context, and in many cases by the whole______ as well.( )

A. lexical, linguistic context  B. linguistic, speech situation

C. grammatical, lexical context  D. lexical, extra-linguistic context

25. Being phrases or sentences, idioms consist of more than______ word, but each is a semantic unity.( )

A. one  B. two

C. three D. four

26. Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical coloring which excludes______.( )

A. lexical manipulation  B. stylistic manipulation

C. phonetic manipulation D. figures of speech

27. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the ______relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.( )

A. logical B. lexical

C. illogical  D. grammatical

28.Longman Lexicon of Contemporary Englishwas compiled on the principle of______.( )

A. pronunciation  B. fields

C. spelling D. usage

29.______is a monolingual dictionary.( )

A.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation

B.New English-Chinese Dictionary

C.Chinese-English Dictionary

D.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

30. Both LDCE and CCELD are ______.( )

A. monolingual dictionaries  B. general dictionaries

C. encyclopedic dictionaries  D. both A and B

II. Match the words in Column A with those in Column B.（20%）

III. Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook.(5%)

41. Stylistics is concerned with the user’s ______ of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects.

42. Of all the borrowed words in English, about ______are from French.

43. Free morphemes and free ______are identical.

44. It deserves noting that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the lexical item involved but with it the different range of ______that it originally carried.

45. Parts of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, these meaning of verbs all belong to______ meaning.

IV. Study the following words and decide how each word is formed.(10%)

Example: disobey (affixation)

46. honeymoon ( ) 47. medicare ( )

48. dorm  ( ) 49. AIDS  ( )

50. edit  ( )

V. Answer the following questions.(10%)51. How are words classified?

52. According to the functions of affixes, how many groups can you put them into? What are their characteristics?

53. What is the difference between partial conversion and full conversion?

54. What are the characteristics of connotative meaning?

55. What are causes of ambiguity?

VI. Analyze and comment on the following sentences. (10%)

56.It is not a home. It is a house.

Comment on the two sentences above, and analyze the grammatical meaning, conceptual meaning and connotative meaning ofhome and of house.