2021年4月自考英语(一)复习（44）
3)使用被动语态可以避免说出别扭的句子。
如：When he arrived home a detective arrested him.他回到家时，一名侦探逮捕了他。(主动)
此句最好表示为：
When he arrived home he was arrested by a detective.他回到家里就被一名侦探逮捕了。(被动)变为被动后，可以避免改换主语。
4) 主动句中主语是不定代词one，通常可以表示为被动语态。
如：One sees this sort of advertisement everywhere.这样的广告到处可见。(主动)
This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere. 这样的广告到处可见。(被动)
5)当动作的实施者即主动句中的主语是泛指人们时：这样的动词有：assume, believe, claim, consider, estimate, find, know, report, say, think等，通常可以表示为被动语态。
如：People believe him to be honest.人们相信他是诚实的。
He is believed to be honest.相信他是诚实的。
6)新闻报道，书刊介绍等文体中，突出描述的客观性。
如：Three people have so far been killed in the storms sweeping across the north of England and Southern Scotland.在席卷英格兰北部和苏格兰南部的暴风雨中，三人丧生。
4.被动语态与系表结构的区别：
英语中有些“be+过去分词”的形式可以表示被动语态也可以作系表结构。如果表示一个动作，则是被动语态;如果表示状态，则是系表结构。表示被动时，常伴有by短语;表示状态时多用其他介词短语(in, at, with等)
如：The novel is well written.这个小说写得很好。(系表结构)
The novel is written by a woman.这个小说是一位妇女写的。(被动)
The man was offended. 那个人很生气。(系表结构)
The man was offended by the woman.那个男人被那个女人激怒了。(被动)
5.主动形式表被动含义：
当句子中出现easy , hard , difficult 等词修饰时，我们用主动形式表达被动
如 I found the poem hard to understand .
2001年第25小题：
They found the lecture hard --------
A to be understood B to understand C for understanding D to have been understood
答案是B
第二部分：巩固练习
把下列句子变为被动句：
1.He suggested using the waterproof material.
He suggested that the waterproof material should be used.
2. He advised us to go to school earlier.
We are advised to go to school earlier.
3.The waiter recommended us to order the seafood.
We were recommended to order the seafood.
The waiter recommended that the seafood should be ordered.
4.We often hear him sing in the next room.
He is often heard to sing in the next room.
5.You needn't return the book now.
The book needn't be returned now.
6. They will send you a bill at the end of the month.
You will be sent a bill at the end of the month.
A bill will be sent to you at the end of the month.
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