2020年10月自考00596英语阅读(二)真题及答案
一、阅读选择题
第1篇文章选自【第10课 如何野营】
1. 野营时在森林迷路怎样找到方向?
【答案】moss on trees, the sun and the stars, twigs, sleeping near the foot of a tree or beside a log, make a fire.
【解析】定位到文章9-12段。
对于所有的男生，即使是受过训练的守林人都有可能在陌生的森林里迷路。因此每个人都应该知道在这种情况下该怎么办。通常树上苔藓长得浓密的那面是北面。知道这一点有助于找到方向，但最好还是随身带个小型的指南针。
如果天气晴朗，太阳和星星可以为你指路。在茂密的森林里，迷路者经常会在原地绕圈而走不出去。如果跟着它们，就会避免绕圈。
折断灌木树上的树枝，可以给搜寻者以提示。最好的办法就是沿着溪流的方向走，它会流向更广阔的水域，通常那里会有人居住。如果到达一座小山，站在山顶也许就可以看见平地。
如果你迷路了，无论怎样也不要慌张。营地肯定有人想起你，你的朋友们一定会寻找你。如果你不得不在森林里过夜，就好好利用一切东西吧。有些人睡在树下或者木头边。如果能够在不危及森林的情况下点起火就再好不过了。
2. 建议带上什么装备?
【答案】canteen
【解析】定位到文章13-17段。
如今必须携带露营装备,包括住宿所需的必备物品。除非停留的时间很短，否则需要马车或驮载牲口来运输。对于十英里的行程或更长，我建议行李不要超过二百镑。尽管我知道骡子驮着三百磅的行李在崎岖的路上可以以每天二十英里的速度行进。
如果行李太重，可以让每个露营者把毯子打成卷，扛在右肩膀上，这样就可以减轻重量。如果存在远离饮用水源的危险，我建议每个人带个水壶。
你应该具备以下物品:长柄的煎锅、烤烙用具、咖啡壶、长烙叉、长烙勺;便宜的杯子、盘子和勺以及刀叉。
不要依赖于鱼肉和野味作为食物补给，带一些无骨的熏肉和肥肉，它可以搭配你捕获的各种鱼和鲜肉。然后你要在密封罐里装些研磨好的咖啡。还有茶(装在密封的玻璃罐里)、白糖、盐、面粉、玉米片、大米、 豌豆、燕麦、浓缩牛奶、奶油、饼干以及尽可能多的可以携带的罐装水果或干果，但不能超重一这些不是必需品，但所有这些都用得上。
需要记住的是，男生千万不能远离营地,不管他们有多强壮多有智慧，除非他们中的一个有实践经验，对于这种生活非常熟悉。
4. 什么既便宜又方便，类似于内战时士兵所使用的那种?
【答案】Small dog tents
【解析】定位到文章第6段。小帐篷既便宜又方便，类似于内战时士兵所使用的那种。每个人携带一部分，两部分就可以搭建一个帐篷。下雨时两个人可以蜷在帐篷里避雨。但在干燥的天气里他们还是喜欢露天睡，即使天气有些冷。
5. 野营的过程是什么样的?
【答案】野营是很愉快的和有挑战的。
【解析】结合全文内容。
二、文中寻词题
1. I am quite often asked: How do you feel about having ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)? The answer is not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many.
2. It was a great shock to me to discover that I had motor neuron disease. I had never been very well co-coordinated physically as a child. I was not good at ball games, and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers. Maybe for this reason, I didn’t care much for sport or physical activities. But things seemed to change when I went to Oxford, at the age of 17. I took up coxing and rowing. I was not boat race standard, but I got by at the level of inter-college competition.
3. In my third year at Oxford, however, I noticed that I seemed to be getting clumsier, and I fell over once or twice for no apparent reason. But it was not until I was at Cambridge, in the following year, that my father noticed, and took me to the family doctor. He referred me to a specialist, and shortly after my 21st birthday, I went into hospital for tests. I was in for two weeks, during which I had a wide variety of tests. They took a muscle sample from my arm, stuck electrodes into me, and injected some radio opaque fluid into my spine, and watched it going up and down with x-rays, as they tilted the bed. After all that, they didn’t tell me what I had, except that it was not multiple sclerosis, and that I was an atypical case. I gathered, however, that they expected it to continue to get worse, and that there was nothing they could do, except give me vitamins. I could see that they didn’t expect them to have much effect. I didn’t feel like asking for more details, because they were obviously bad. 4. The realization that I had an incurable disease, that was likely to kill me in a few years, was a bit of a shock. How could something like that happen to me? Why should I be cut off like this? However, while I had been in hospital, I had seen a boy I vaguely knew die of leukemia, in the bed opposite me. It had not been a pretty sight. Clearly there were people who were worse off than me. At least my condition didn’t make me feel sick. Whenever I feel inclined to be sorry for myself I remember that boy.
【解析】
1. despair: loss of hope, hopeless 绝望，失望
2. variety: several different sorts of the same thing 多样;种类
3. injected: to put a drug into a person’s body 给…注射
4. incurable: that cannot be cured 不能治愈的
5. shock: a strong feeling of surprise as a result of sth happening, especially sth unpleasant; the event that causes this feeling 震惊;惊愕;令人震惊的事
6. leukemia: a serious disease in which too many white blood cells are produced, causing weakness and sometimes death 白血病
7. inclined: wanting to do sth 想(做某事)
四、翻译题
文章选自【第36课 青少年犯罪(第二部分)】2-8段
1. Tragically, the number of violent teens has grown in recent years, even as the population of teenagers has contracted. But the teen population has bottomed out and is now on the upswing. If current rates of offending remain unchanged, the number of teens who commit murder and other serious violent crimes shall increase, if only because of the demographic turnaround in the population at risk.
【答案】可悲的是，最近几年，在青少年人口数量减少的情况下，具有暴力倾向的青少年数量却在增加。但青少年人口的数量在接近谷底以后现在已经处于上升的趋势了。如果现在的犯罪率保持不变的话，只要人口上升的趋势不变，杀人或者犯其他严重罪行的青少年的数量将会增加。
2. The hopeful news is that there is still time to stem the tide---to prevent the next wave of youth crime. But we must act now---by reinvesting in schools, recreation, job training, support for families, and mentoring.
【答案】值得欣慰的是我们还有时间来遏制这一暗流——阻止青少年犯罪的下一次浪潮。但是我们必须现在就行动---通过投资兴建学校、提供娱乐场所、给予工作培训、给家庭提供援助、耐心教导等。
3. One of the most compelling easy solutions is the “three strikes you’re out” movement for repeat offenders that has swept across America, from Washington State, where it began, to Washington. D. C., where our congressmen and congresswomen are eager to show their constituents that they can strike out the side on crime.
【答案】最有强制力最简单的解决方案之一就是对惯犯所实施的“三振出局法”，这一运动曾横扫美国，从它的发源地华盛顿州，到华盛顿特区国会议员们纷纷向他们的投票人显示，他们在打击犯罪方面成效卓越。
4. Besides the inevitable miscarriages of justice when certain petty felons get sent up the river inappropriately, why do we need this kind of automatic provision?
【答案】除了不可避免的误用公正而把一些小的重罪犯送进监狱以外，我们为什么需要这些自动的条款规定?
5. The same concern over the elimination of judicial discretion applies to the national movement toward the automatic waiver of violent juveniles to the adult court. Undeniably, certain repeat violent juvenile offenders have demonstrated through recidivism that they are not amenable to treatment. These offenders can and should be transferred to the adult system. But this is not the case with all juvenile violent offenders, even though they may commit an adult-like crime such as murder or rape. The inspiration for their vicious crimes often stems from their immaturity---for example, kids committing murder in order to impress their peers.
【答案】人们除了对司法审判的取消很关注之外，针对青少年罪犯移交成人法庭的自动放弃权也掀起了全国性的运动。不可否认，有些屡次犯罪的青少年成为惯犯，而且很难管教。但这并不适用于所有的青少年违法者, 即使他们犯了像成人一样的杀人罪或强奸罪，因为促使他们犯罪的动机可能是不成熟——比如孩子杀人目的仅仅是为了在伙伴中树立威信。
6. Don’t misunderstand me. I’m not opposed to punishment (except capital punishment). However, we cannot deal effectively with teen violence through the threat of the criminal justice system. The threat of punishment, no matter how harsh, cannot deter kids who face the threat of violence every day in their classrooms and their neighborhoods.
【答案】不要误解我。我并不是反对惩罚(死刑除外)。但是我们并不能够通过刑事司法制度来有效解决青少年犯罪问题。不管惩罚多么严厉，都不能减少孩子在教室里和在社区里所面临的暴力威胁。
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